CVE-2026-102277

brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service

State
Published
Severity
5.3 Medium
Published
Sep 28, 2026
Updated
Sep 29, 2026
Reserved
Sep 28, 2026

Read the record on cve.org

Description

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.

Scores

CVSSScoreVectorSource
3.15.3 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:LGitHub_M

Weaknesses

  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Affected Products

ProductVersions
brace-expansionjuliangruber
  • >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12Affected
  • >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9Affected
  • >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7Affected
  • < 1.1.21Affected

References

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