CVE-2026-104437

Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handling

State: Published
Severity: 8.3 High
Published: Oct 2, 2026
Updated: Oct 6, 2026
Reserved: Oct 2, 2026

Description

Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5 transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing. Attackers can craft V5 transactions with fewer outputs than inputs that Zebra accepts and templates via getblocktemplate, producing blocks zcashd rejects.

Scores

CVSS	Score	Vector	Source
4.0	8.3 High	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N	VulnCheck
3.1	7.4 High	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H	VulnCheck

Weaknesses

CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Affected Products

Product	Versions
zebraZcashFoundation	before 4.4.0Affected 4.4.0Not affected

References

GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp)vendor-advisory
VulnCheck Advisory: Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handlingthird-party-advisory

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