CVE-2026-12235

Out-of-bounds write in Xtensa llext PLT relocation from malformed ELF (CWE-787)

State
Published
Severity
6.3 Medium
Published
Aug 12, 2026
Updated
Aug 12, 2026
Reserved
Jun 15, 2026

Read the record on cve.org

Description

The Linkable Loadable Extensions (llext) subsystem mis-handles PLT/RELA relocation entries when linking a relocatable (partially-linked) ELF extension. In llext_link_plt() (subsys/llext/llext_link.c), the relocatable branch (tgt != NULL, the path used for Xtensa relocatable objects) computed the patch address as ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_TEXT] - text.sh_offset + rela.r_offset + tgt->sh_offset and then performed the relocation write there without validating rela.r_offset. Its sibling shared/dynamic branch already rejected out-of-range offsets via llext_file_offset().

rela.r_offset is read directly from the ELF's RELA table, so a crafted entry with an offset larger than the target section makes the write land arbitrarily far outside the extension's text buffer. The result is an attacker-influenced out-of-bounds write (the location via r_offset, the written value being the resolved symbol address) performed in supervisor context at link time, before any extension code runs.

The path is reached from llext_load() whenever an application loads an attacker-influenced ELF extension on Xtensa with writable storage; llext is documented to accept extensions of untrusted origin. Impact is supervisor-context memory corruption (integrity and availability loss, and a sandbox-boundary escape for user-mode extensions). Exploitation is gated by the Xtensa relocatable PLT path and writable storage, and turning the out-of-range write into a useful primitive is non-trivial.

The fix adds a bound check rejecting any RELA entry whose r_offset >= tgt->sh_size, mirroring the existing validation in the shared branch.

Scores

CVSSScoreVectorSource
3.16.3 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:Hzephyr

Weaknesses

Affected Products

ProductVersions
zephyrzephyrproject
  • 3.7.0 to before 4.4.2Affected

References

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