CVE-2026-54496

Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness

State
Published
Severity
9.3 Critical
Published
Jul 17, 2026
Updated
Jul 17, 2026
Reserved
Jun 15, 2026

Read the record on cve.org

Description

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0, the variable-base scalar multiplication gadget in halo2_gadgets/src/ecc/chip/mul/incomplete.rs used assign_advice() for the base point without a copy constraint tying it to the actual base, allowing a malicious prover to produce a valid proof for an Orchard Action with an under-constrained base point and bypass the diversified-address-integrity check that binds pk_d, g_d, ivk, the nullifier (nf), and the spend validating key (ak) to the note being spent. This issue is fixed in zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0.

Scores

CVSSScoreVectorSource
3.19.3 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:LGitHub_M

Weaknesses

  • CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Affected Products

ProductVersions
zebraZcashFoundation
  • < 5.0.0Affected
halo2_gadgetszcash
  • < 0.5.0Affected
orchardzcash
  • < 0.14.0Affected
librustzcashzcash
  • < 0.28.0Affected
zcashzcash
  • < 6.20.0Affected

References

Every record here comes from the CVE Program’s CVE List. © 1999–2026 The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation. The records are reproduced under the CVE Program terms of use.