CVE-2026-72818

NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input

State
Published
Severity
8.7 High
Published
Aug 20, 2026
Updated
Sep 24, 2026
Reserved
Aug 10, 2026

Read the record on cve.org

Description

The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many alternating label separators can be partitioned in exponentially many ways, and because the branch also requires a trailing top-level domain that such input never supplies, the engine explores those partitions before failing at each offset. A few kilobytes of input therefore consumes seconds to minutes of single-threaded CPU, and the HANG_RE substitution performed before matching does not collapse the pattern. TweetTokenizer is intended for tokenizing untrusted social-media text, so any service that applies it, or the module-level casual_tokenize, to submitted text can be stalled per request without authentication. Version 3.10.1 bounds the label repetition.

Scores

CVSSScoreVectorSource
4.08.7 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NVulnCheck
3.17.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HVulnCheck

Weaknesses

  • CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Affected Products

ProductVersions
nltknltk
  • before 3.10.1Affected
  • 3.10.1Not affected

References

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