CVE-2026-72818
NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input
- State
- Published
- Severity
- 8.7 High
- Published
- Aug 20, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 24, 2026
- Reserved
- Aug 10, 2026
Description
The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many alternating label separators can be partitioned in exponentially many ways, and because the branch also requires a trailing top-level domain that such input never supplies, the engine explores those partitions before failing at each offset. A few kilobytes of input therefore consumes seconds to minutes of single-threaded CPU, and the HANG_RE substitution performed before matching does not collapse the pattern. TweetTokenizer is intended for tokenizing untrusted social-media text, so any service that applies it, or the module-level casual_tokenize, to submitted text can be stalled per request without authentication. Version 3.10.1 bounds the label repetition.
Scores
| CVSS | Score | Vector | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.0 | 8.7 High | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N | VulnCheck |
| 3.1 | 7.5 High | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | VulnCheck |
Weaknesses
- CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Affected Products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
nltknltk |
|
References
- GitHub Issue #3704issue-tracking
- Unbounded naked-domain branch in the URLS pattern at 3.9.4technical-description
- NLTK v3.10.1 Release Notesrelease-notes
- https://github.com/nltk/nltkproduct
- VulnCheck Advisory: NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Inputthird-party-advisory
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