CVE-2026-85670
tokenizers BpeBuilder Buffer Overflow via merge token
- State
- Published
- Severity
- 7.1 High
- Published
- Sep 4, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 4, 2026
- Reserved
- Sep 4, 2026
Description
tokenizers (Hugging Face) is affected by an out-of-bounds buffer access in BpeBuilder::build (tokenizers/src/models/bpe/model.rs). When loading a tokenizer.json via Tokenizer::from_file/from_str, the builder sizes a scratch buffer to the longest vocabulary key, then writes each concatenated merge rule into it. A merge whose concatenated token exceeds the longest vocabulary key overruns the buffer, which Rust turns into a panic that aborts the process in Rust and FFI embeddings. This occurs at load time with no encoding required, so an attacker who supplies a crafted tokenizer.json can cause a denial of service. A secondary defect at the same location can cause a usize underflow (panic in debug, potential memory corruption in release) when continuing_subword_prefix is set and a merge token is shorter than the prefix. Observed in version 0.23.1.
Scores
| CVSS | Score | Vector | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.0 | 7.1 High | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N | VulnCheck |
| 3.1 | 6.5 Medium | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | VulnCheck |
Weaknesses
- CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write
Affected Products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
tokenizershuggingface |
|
References
- GitHub Issue #2094issue-tracking
- https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizersproduct
- https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers/blob/v0.23.2/tokenizers/src/models/bpe/model.rstechnical-description
- VulnCheck Advisory: tokenizers BpeBuilder Buffer Overflow via merge tokenthird-party-advisory
Every record here comes from the CVE Program’s CVE List. © 1999–2026 The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation. The records are reproduced under the CVE Program terms of use.